
By Bob Shuman
Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night has been filmed, to acclaim, multiple times, including Sidney Lumet’s 1962 production, which garnered Katharine Hepburn an Oscar nomination—and, at its culmination, left the cast immobile, like mice caught in glue. In 1973, Laurence Olivier’s version, won an Emmy for the actor’s portrayal of the father, James Tyrone, which was based on the 1971 National Theatre production. O’Neill had already won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, but he never intended his original “play of old sorrow, written in tears and blood,” to be published, until twenty-five years after his death (he died in 1953). Never to be performed, he did make arrangements for the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm to stage it, even so. His widow, Carlotta, overriding alarum, approved the first staging of Long Day’s Journey into Night to take place in Sweden, in 1956.
Jonathan Kent’s new film is drawn from his 2016 Broadway revival, for which Jessica Lange won a Tony Award. The work, in a streamlined adaptation by Pulitzer-winning David Lindsay-Abaire, is shaped by and focused on Lange’s Mary Tyrone, a convent girl who becomes addicted to morphine, after the delivery of her last child. Some would disagree, though, that she is the leading character in the script, if the drama is examined in a more Aristotelian way (Aristotle, of course, did not write plays). The main role in O’Neill’s masterpiece probably belongs to the youngest son, Edmund (Colin Morgan), traveling to the doctor to confirm a diagnosis of TB.
The playwright might have felt he had earned his own way of seeing drama, as an unruly experimentalist, like James Joyce, who wrote too long, as well (O’Neill said he actually did cut his texts, however); Kent nods to this untameable, Irish instinct, when showing the help in the Tyrone kitchen (including the cook, Bridget, who is not seen in the play (Lesa Thurman). Did not Treplev, in Chekhov’s The Seagull (the Russian writer influenced O’Neill), call for New Forms?: “and if we can’t have them, then we’d better have nothing at all.” The great interpreter of O’Neill, Brian Dennehy, once explained, in a 2003 Theater Talk interview, as well, that the playwright felt the length, and repetition, of his work was needed–he wanted to “wear the audience down” in order to “saturate them with his ideas.”
The run-time for the new movie is 109 minutes (1 hour and 49 minutes). The show time for the Kent-Lange stage production was approximately 3 hours and 45 minutes (225 minutes). All other film records are longer than two hours and 30 minutes: The Hepburn film lasts 2 hours and 50 minutes; the Olivier version is 2 hours and 40 minutes. Jack Lemmon’s 1987 showing, directed by Jonathan Miller, runs 2 hours and 50 minutes. Ingmar Bergman’s 1988 stage version lasted approximately three hours, but was cut down from its original four-and-one-half hour stage length. The Dennehy production, also starring Vanessa Redgrave: 4.5 hours.
The current adaptation, given its relatively brief running time, with what could be considered at least 50 missing minutes, might be comparable to the brittle and delicate 35-year-old wedding bouquet, unpacked in the film, a keepsake, but not the wedding gown (I recall Bibi Andersson dropped hers and left it, forgotten, in Ingmar Bergman’s production).
Number of real American dead: from between 19 and 22, with over 820 wounded. Record Fuel Costs* (Drudge Report). Kitchen table up 1.2% (May-June). Mortgage rates rise. In the entertainment industry, healthcare benefits are being lost for unionized performers, who do not earn the $28,933 earning requirement to retain SAG-AFTRA health insurance plans.
Trends in Arts and technology are allowing films to be executed differently today, more efficiently than in, let’s say, Lumet’s Hollywood of 1962–even in 2007, before his death, improved methods ran Bergman out of the business.
O’Neill had become passé, in the East Village (1980s), after a 1972-1973 surge, with Colleen Dewhurst in A Moon for the Misbegotten. Other playwrights arrived, a new generation stormed the gates: Sam Shepard, Wendy Wasserstein, August Wilson, Christopher Durang, to name only four. When I mentioned O’Neill, one day in a class, I was greeted with silence. Irish-Americans might still feel that their own experiences were so uncannily his, or his were theirs, but in an ever-changing New York City, who, except us, could find episodes from 1912 relevant? Were they real or imagined, anyway, heard or literal, no matter how accurate: or were they all from a book?: The priests and nuns, churches and convent girls, bad doctors and orphans, bogs, and whiskey, pianos and famine, lack of responsibility, stubbornness and outside work, the seashore, God, circumvented fathers, Holy Mary, and “leopards whose spots don’t change.”
Kent and Lindsay-Abaire do seem to be mistaking O’Neill for Tennessee Williams, a late convert to Catholicism, born an Episcopalian, at the beginning of their Long Day’s Journey into Night, as if they’re starting to mount The Glass Menagerie (Tom and Edmund both go to sea). The team is forfeiting an amazing stream of naturalism, as if we’re listening from the next room, caught so well by David Wellington in his 1996 Canadian production, starring William Hutt and Martha Henry (run-time: 2 hrs. and 53 minutes).
In the early ‘90s, my new roommate, decades my senior, a proper, divorced stockbroker, who wore navy pin-striped suits and Brooks Brothers shirts—and had gone through a nasty, protracted divorce from “the dragon lady,” suddenly mentioned Eugene O’Neill. He thought one of the most memorable parts, from Long Day’s Journey into Night, was the light bulb scene. “Did you ever see it?”
The aforementioned sequence is handled swiftly, in the new film, in the dark, but both Ralph Richardson (in the Lumet version) and Olivier, actually unscrewed them, facing the burning, tactile electric heat, one by one.
My new roommate, I would find out, read biographies of Eugene O’Neill. It was an interest. He became an expert on the writer, as he saw his children less and less. What a strange coincidence–I was still dressing in all black (he suggested I change that to blue). Was our common literary interest based on identifying with creatures from the gloam? Or was emotional truth prevailing, penetrating–like drama was supposed to behave? The ridiculed, misunderstood James Tyrone (Ed Harris), O’Neill’s paterfamilias, may be critical to an understanding of the reality of the playscape, speaking to most people’s needs and lives, now. Our breaking shopping bags and mice in the dormant heater, during the summer humidity and coming nor’easter.
James is the character who knows, most intimately, the panic of financial insecurity, having been deserted by his father as a child and, by default, working to support his mother and four siblings for 50 cents a week. As breadwinner, he then took on the economic complexity of his own tormented life and family. In the play, the “Old Man” can afford his properties, for he became a successful thespian. His investments, however, are considered ill-advised by his wife and sons. He does pay for a cook, maid, and chauffeur/garbageman, even so (how many could do that now?). For those who have been poor, the internal panic may never end—and regarding Tyrone, in particular, Social Security, no matter how long it will last into our future, would never lessen his anxiety: it wasn’t even implemented until 1940.
I’ve never completely understood why Mary is left alone, during the afternoon of the day when Edmund and Jamie (Ben Foster) go to the doctor. They will hear Edmund’s diagnosis then (James, in the meantime, is looking after his business interests and has an appointment at the club, to follow-up at the doctor’s office, later). They’ve worried about Mary’s return from the hospital; she’s been “home” for two months, and, the previous night, she entered her old room where she habitually takes morphine. She’s emotionally fraught about the triggering news that her son may be terminally ill.
Why would they leave her—or why wouldn’t more precautions have been set in place? The family throws their hands up so easily; I don’t know whether it’s a plot hole or disturbing inner truth. Cathleen (Ericka Roe), the maid, is clueless—and useless. But wouldn’t one of the other domestic workers have filled her in?
I suppose the larger issue with the new Long Day’s Journey into Night is that it does not “fail better,” to quote Beckett. All the monumental productions, with famous actresses, shocking revelations, artistic imaginations and visions, and the new Aristotelian reflection does not inform our lives more meaningfully than what has gone before. An anomaly, it is. The line readings are done well, but this may be thought of, perhaps, as a tribute–not a primal haunting or rite. The pages of dialogue have been strategically edited to size. The cinematography (Mark Wolf) and lighting can be shimmering, the colors muted, but the way of life portrayed seems too dependent on current stereotypes and sensibilities–not the graver, more hardscrabble existence suggested by the accusations, confrontations, and self-destruction of the play, or even from faces in sepia-toned portraits, from the setting’s time. So much entertainment industry know-how, with the stuff of lived life, and everyday carry, largely beautified, sentimentalized, or missing (such a drop zone of detritus was actually highlighted in the Jessica Lange’ movie Country, 1984). O’Neill himself, the philosophically anarchistic, radical playwright, would have rebuffed this prestige-film operation–but, like the first Swedish production of Long Day’s Journey into Night, cooler heads prevail.
Long Day’s Journey into Night is unknowable, unfathomable, an Everest, worth reading long biographies about, in which it is analyzed and contextualized–while putting away money for next month’s alimony. Multiple exposures are warranted, at different venues in various productions; hours and hours of them. Fortunately, that will never change.
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Mary’s shattering last monologue is, perhaps, what people remember most vividly, when they conjure recollections of the play’s emotional excavations, or the dark admittance of sibling betrayal between the brothers. The story goes that after the first night of the American production, on February 7, 1956, the audience wouldn’t leave. They came up to the stage and stood there transfixed, wanting to be near it still; they had been so moved.
Mary, you may know, beat her morphine addiction after her husband’s death. Never conclusively diagnosed, Eugene (Edmund), was unable to write for the last ten years of his life, due to a progressive neurological disorder, marked by severe tremoring of the hands. Jamie, taking care of his mother, until her death at age 64, in L.A., rode with her body back to the East Coast, by train, boozing it up with whores.
(c) by Bob Shuman. All rights reserved.
CREDITS
IN MEMORY OF
Bill Kenwright
CAST
(In order of appearance)
Mary Tyrone JESSICA LANGE
James Tyrone ED HARRIS
Jamie Tyrone BEN FOSTER
Edmund Tyrone COLIN MORGAN
Cathleen ERICKA ROE
Bridget LESA THURMAN
Captain Turner BRENT HEARNE
Smythe DEREK CARROLL
Stunt Coordinator DONAL O’FARRELL
Stunt Double WILL WILLOUGHBY
Financial Consultant LUKE RANDOLPH
Associate Producer EMILY LOWE
First Assistant Director DOMINIC CHANNING WILLIAMS
Production Manager BERNIE MCGRATH
Production Sound Mixer ROB FLANAGAN
Supervising Art Director MARK LOWRY
Additional Photography MIKE ELEY BSC
Script Supervisor SUSANNA LENTON
Dialect Coach ERIK SINGER
Sound Supervisor DANNY SHEEHAN
Re-recording Mixer PAUL COTTERELL
Post Production Supervisor MEG CLARK
First Assistant Editor RUTH ANTOINE
Casting Director (Ireland) MAUREEN HUGHES
A Camera Operator MARK WOLF BSC
A Camera First Assistants JOHN MCCARTHY OLIVER DRISCOLL














